Immunological and Bacteriological Study of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Authors

  • Hamad Israa Zuhier Department of Biology; College of Science; Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq Author
  • Abdul Fatima Rammadan Department of Biology; College of Science; Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq Author
  • Subhi Hanan Tariq Department of Biology; College of Science; Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq Author

Keywords:

Escherichia coli, Autistic, IL-1 , IL-17a

Abstract

 Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an intricate neurodevelopmental disorder generally demonstrated in the first few years of life and treatment to persist into adolescence and adulthood. In this study was (50) total number of ASD patients. While 30 as controls from Baghdad. All isolates were obtained from the stool of patients and number ofisolates Escherichia coli was (n = 4, 25%). While the results showed serum levels ofinterlukin-1 and IL-17a in Autistic patients by using ELISA technique, the mean level of IL-1 and IL-17a were higher in patient group (2275.89 ± 77.38pg/ml) , (1457.72 ± 35.66pg//ml) , than control group (429.33 ± 35.84pg/ml) , (963.64 ± 8.91pg/ml) respectively, this variance was significant ((P <0.001)). 

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Hume, K., Steinbrenner, J. R., Odom, S. L.,

Morin, K. L., Nowell, S. W., Tomaszewski, B., ...

& Savage, M. N. (2021). Evidence-based practices

for children, youth, and young adults with autism:

Third generation review. Journal of Autism and

Developmental Disorders, 51( 11), 4013-4032.

Steinbrenner, J. R., Hume, K., Odom, S. L.,

Morin, K. L., Nowell, S. W., Tomaszewski,

B., ... & Savage, M. N. (2020). EvidenceBased Practices for Children, Youth, and

Young Adults with Autism. PPG Child

Development Institute.

Moradi, K., Ashraf-Ganjouei, A.,

Tavolinejad, H., Bagheri, S., &

Akhondzadeh, S. (2021). The interplay

between gut microbiota and autism spectrum

disorders: A focus on immunological

pathways. Progress in Neuro¬

Psychopharmacology and Biological

Psychiatry, 106, 110091.

Socaa, K., Doboszewska, U., Szopa, A.,

Serefko, A., W odarczyk, M., Zieli ska, A., ...

& Wla , P. (2021). The role of microbiota-gutbrain axis in neuropsychiatric and

neurological disorders. Pharmacological

Research, 172, 105840.

Kim, S., Covington, A., & Pamer, E. G.

(2017). The intestinal microbiota: antibiotics,

colonization resistance, and enteric

pathogens. Immunological reviews, 279(1), 90-

Khan, S. A., Imtiaz, M. A., Sayeed, M.,

Shaikat, A. H., & Hassan, M. M. (2020).

Antimicrobial resistance pattern in domesticanimal-wildlife-environmental niche via the

food chain to humans with a Bangladesh

perspective; a systematic review. BMC

veterinary research, 16(). 1-13.

Malik, K., & Guttman-Yassky, E. (2018,

January). Cytokine targeted therapeutics for

alopecia areata: lessons from atopic dermatitis

and other inflammatory skin diseases.

In Journal of Investigative Dermatology

Symposium Proceedings (Vol. 19, No. 1, pp.

S62-S64). Elsevier.

Jones, S. A., & Jenkins, B. J. (2018). Recent

insights into targeting the IL-6 cytokine family

in inflammatory diseases and cancer. Nature

Reviews Immunology, 18(V2), 773-789.

Abbas,K.H , Abdul ,R.A and Rasool

,Kh,H.(2022). Immunological and Enzymatic

study of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteria and

fungi isolated from oral cavity. Research J.

Pharm. and Tech. 15(7): 3110-3124.

CLSI (Clinical & Laboratory Standards

institute) (2009). Performance Standards for

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, 19th

supplement, CLSI document Ml00-SI9. 29

(3). CLSI, Wayne, Pennsylvania, USA.

SAS. Statistical Analysis System, Users

Guide. Statistical, Version 9. Cary, N.C.: SAS

Institute Inc.; 2012.

Oono, I. P., Honey, E. J., & McConachie, H.

(2013). Parent mediated early intervention for

young children with autism spectrum

disorders (ASD). Evidence Based Child

Health: A Cochrane Review Journal, 8(6),

-2479.

Reichow, B., Steiner, A. M., & Volkmar, F.

(2012). Social skills groups for people aged 6

to 21 with autism spectrum disorders

(ASD). Campbell Systematic Reviews, N( 1), 1-

Atlas, R. M„ & Synder, J. W. (2011).

Reagents, stains, and media:

bacteriology. Manual of clinical microbiology,

-303.

Solomon, F. B., Wadilo, F. W., Arota, A. A.,

& Abraham, Y. L. (2017). Antibiotic resistant

airborne bacteria and their multidrug

resistance pattern at university teaching

referral Hospital in South Ethiopia. Annals of

clinical microbiology and antimicrobials, 16(),

-7.

Rizzo, L., Manaia, C., Merlin, C., Schwartz,

T., Dagot, C., Ploy, M. C, & Fatta-Kassinos,

D. (2013). Urban wastewater treatment plants

as hotspots for antibiotic resistant bacteria and

genes spread into the environment: a

review. Science of the total environment, 447,

-360.

Stratev, D., & Odeyemi, O. A. (2016).

Antimicrobial resistance of Aeromonas

hydrophila isolated from different food

sources: A mini-review. Journal of infection

and public health, 9(5), 535-544.

Pickering, L. K. (2004, April). Antimicrobial

resistance among enteric pathogens.

In Seminars in pediatric infectious

diseases (Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 71-77). WB

Saunders.

Pickering, L. K. (2008). Antimicrobial

resistance among enteric pathogens. Hot

Topics in Infection and Immunity in Children

IV, 154-163.

Pangrazzi, L., Balasco, L., & Bozzi, Y. (2020).

Oxidative stress and immune system

dysfunction in autism spectrum

disorders. International journal of molecular

sciences, 21(9), 3293.

Siniscalco, D., Schultz, S., Brigida, A. L., &

Antonucci, N. (2018). Inflammation and

neuro-immune dysregulations in autism

spectrum disorders. Pharmaceuticals, 11(2),

Xie, J., Huang, L., Li, X., Li, H., Zhou, Y., Zhu,

H., ... & Xu, W. (2017). Immunological cytokine

profiling identifies TNF- as a key molecule

dysregulated in autistic

children. Oncotarget, 8(47), 82390.

Published

2023-02-28

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Israa Zuhier , H., Fatima Rammadan , A., & Hanan Tariq , S. (2023). Immunological and Bacteriological Study of Autism Spectrum Disorder. History of Medicine, 9(1). http://13.200.237.241/HOM/index.php/medicine/article/view/932