I.P. Pavlov: Princeps physiologorum mundi and philosopher
Keywords:
synthetic physiology, metaphysical foundation, self-developing systems, a conditioned reflex, sign, value,autopoietic nature of organic systemsAbstract
I.P. Pavlov studied and analyzed the epistemological and methodological foundations of physiology as a natural science, applying the principle of unified results of scientific knowledge and the methods used to achieve these results, the principle of ascent from the abstract to the concrete, and the dialectic of absolute and relative truth. Pavlov proved that the study of any self-developing system starts with some initial ideas and evolves into a complex and rich system of scientific knowledge. He created a synthetic physiology of the digestive system, treating it as a link in the integral megasystem of the living organism's vital functions. Evidence showed that the consistent development of the activities of the digestive organs follows the principle whereby the result of the previous link is a factor that causes the activity of the next level. This pattern was seen as a phased development of the body's principal functions. The synthesis of the system as a whole was based on certain ontological synthesizing factors. The determination of the digestive system's functioning had an autopoietic character. Pavlov’s synthetic physiology of digestion was a meaningful objective dialectical logic of self-developing systems, while the Pavlovian reflex represented a sign system sui generis, a natural-scientific model study of sign systems.
The function of the sign in the conditioned reflex carries the conditioned stimulus, which causes the same reaction that, prior to the formation of a conditioned reflex, was triggered by the unconditioned stimulus. The similar character of the actions of conditioned and unconditioned reflexes testifies to the identity of the causes of this activity. The conditioned reflex is a unique natural phenomenon in the scientific study of one of the most complex problems in the theory of knowledge—the practical relationship between subject and object. The discovery of the phenomenon of reflex characterizes the physiologist Pavlov as a unique philosopher.
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References
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