Predictive Biomarkers of Newly Diagnosed Patients with Plasma Cells Tumor
Keywords:
Plasma Cell Tumor, MM, Predictive Biomarkers, TIMP2, Cys-CAbstract
Renal failure refers to the kidneys’ inability to carry out their excretory duties, which causes the blood’s nitrogenous waste products to be retained; this activity reviews the causes, pathophysiology, presentation, and diagnosis of renal failure and emphasizes the role of the interprofessional team in its management. The generation of monoclonal immunoglobulin by the neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells is the hallmark of the disease known as Plasma Cell Tumor or Multiple Myeloma (MM); pathological fractures, osteolytic lesions, and/or substantial skeletal damage are frequently caused by the proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow.Aim of the study: Is found the correlation between predictive biomarkers of newly diagnosed plasma cells tumor.Materials and methods: Patients Hospital-Based cross-sectional study was conducted over sixteen months from May 2020 until August 2021. A total of 58 MM patients were involved in the study who were subjected to physical examination, standard clinical, radiological, and laboratory investigations and diagnosed by hematologists with MM from both genders. Blood samples and urine samples were collected to measure the concentrations of (TIMP2) and Cys-C.Results: Mean age of patients was (61.69 ± 11.12) years. The older patient was (80.0) years and younger patient was (34.0) years. More than half of patients were male (N=31, 53.4%). Stage I represents (N=22, 37.9%) of patients, Stage II represent (N=16, 27.6%) of patients) and Stage III represent (N=20, 34.5%) of patients. There were significant differences between means of TIMP2 (ng/ml) according to stages of multiple myeloma. There were no significant differences between means of Cystatin C (mg/1) according to stages of multiple myeloma.
Downloads
References
Spitzer T R, Tolkoff-Rubin N, Cosimi A B, McAfee S, Dey B R, Chen Y
B, Kawai, T. et al., (2019). Twenty years follow up of
histocompatibility leukocyte antigen-matched kidney and bone
marrow co-transplantation for multiple myeloma with end stage
renal disease: lessons learned. Transplantation, 103(11), 2366.
Chancharoenthana W and Leelahavanichkul A (2019). Acute kidney
injury spectrum in patients with chronic liver disease: Where do we
stand? World journal of gastroenterology, 25(28), 3684.
Mercado M G, Smith D K and Guard E L (2019). Acute kidney injury: diagnosis
and management. American familyphysician, 100(11), 687-694.
Erdbruegger U and Okusa M D (2018). Etiology and diagnosis of
prerenal disease and acute tubular necrosis in acute kidney
injury in adults. Uptodate Waltham, MA. https://www.
uptodate. com/contents/etiology-and-diagnosis-of-prerenaldisease-and-acute-tubular-necrosis-in-acute-kidney-injuryin-adults. Last updated May.
IxJ HandShlipakMG (2021).Thepromiseof tubulebiomarkersinkidneydisease:
a review.American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 78(5), 719-727.
Goel V, Sil A and Das A (2021). cutaneous manifestations of chronic
kidney disease, dialysis and post-renal transplant: A review. Indian
Journal of Dermatology, 66(1), 3.
Fairfield H, FalankC, Avery L and Reagan M R (2016).Multiple myeloma
in the marrow: pathogenesis and treatments. Annals of the New York
Academy of Sciences, 1364(1):32-51.
DimopoulosM,Terpos E, Comenzo R L,Tosi P, BeksacM,Sezer O, Durie BG M
et al. (2009).International myeloma working group consensus statement and
guidelines regarding the current role of imaging techniques in the diagnosis
and monitoringof multipleMyeloma.Leukemia, 23(9):1545-1556.
Hussain A, Almenfi H F, Almehdewi AM, Hamza M S, Bhat M S and
Vijayashankar N P (2019). Laboratory features of newly diagnosed
multiple myeloma patients. Cureus, 11(5).
Karim K J, Hassan A M, Getta H A, Khoshnaw N S, Jalal S D,
Mohammed A M et al. (2020). Frequency and Prognostic
Significance of Hypercalcemia in Patients with Multiple Myeloma.
Med J Babylon,17 (4).
Dohi T, Miyake K, Aoki M, Ogawa R, Akaishi S, Shimada T, Hyakusoku
H et al. (2015). Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 suppresses
collagen synthesis in cultured keloid fibroblasts. Plastic and
reconstructive surgery Global open, 3(9).
Ding J, Shi M, Wang L, Qi D, Tao Z, Hayat M A, Wang H et al. (2020).
Gene Expression of Metalloproteinases and Endogenous Inhibitors
in the Lamellae of Dairy Heifers with Oligofructose-Induced
Laminitis. Frontiers in veterinary science, 7, 597827.
Ghys L, Paepe D, Smets P, Lefebvre H Delanghe J, and Daminet, S (2014).
Cystatin C: a new renal marker and its potential use in small animal
medicine. Journal of veterinary internal medicine, 28(4):1152-1164.
Filler G, Huang S H S and Yasin A (2012). The usefulness of cystatin C
and related formulae in pediatrics. Clinical Chemistry and
Laboratory Medicine (CCLM), 50(12), 2081-2091.
Mathew A, Farooqui H H and Kumar L (2021). Quality of life assessment
& out-of-pocket expenditure in multiple myeloma: An observational
study. Indian J Med Res.; 154(6): 823-832.
Hu X, Wang W, Wang Y and Liu K (2021). Fear of cancer recurrence in
patients with multiple myeloma: Prevalence and predictors based on a
family model analysis. Psycho Oncology.;30:176-184.
Landgren O and Weiss BM (2009). Patterns of monoclonal gammopathy
of undetermined significance and multiple myeloma in various
ethnic/racial groups: support for genetic factors in pathogenesis.
Leukemia; 23:1691-1697.
Ou Z, Gao Y, Yu D, Jiang D, Cui J, Zhang Y, Tang S, Duan D and Wang
Z (2022). The burden and trends of multiple myeloma worldwide
from 1990 to 2019. https://assets.researchsquare.com/files/rs-
/v2/802af9f2-5b7a-4b7e-b353-
Ib6592d7c12c.pdf?c=1663784564.
Presutti R, Harris S A, Kachuri L, Spinelli J J, Pahwa M, Blair A, Zahm S
H, Cantor K P, Weisenburger D D, Pahwa P et al (2016). Pesticide
exposures and the risk of multiple myeloma in men: An analysis of
the North American Pooled Project. Int J Cancer; 139(8):1703-1714.
SwerdlowS H, Campo E, Pileri S A, Harris N L, Stein H, Siebert R, Advani
R, Ghielmini, M, Salles G A, Zelenetz A D et al. (2016). The 2016
revision of the World Health Organization classification of lymphoid
neoplasms. Blood; 127(20):2375-2390.
Abd, B A and Mohammed M Q (2020). Multiple Myeloma, Plasma Cell
Cancer: An Overview. Med J Babylon, 17 (3).
Greipp P R, Miguel J S, Durie B G, Crowley J J, Barlogie B, Blade J,
Boccadoro M, Child J A, Avet-Loiseau H, Kyle R A, Lahuerta J J,
Ludwig H, Morgan G, Powles R, Shimizu K, Shustik C, Sonneveld P,
Tosi P, Turesson I and Westin J (2005). International Staging System
for Multiple Myeloma. J Clin Oncol.; 23:3412-3420.
PalumboA, Avet-Loiseau H,OlivaS, Lokhorst H M, Goldschmidt H, Rosinol L,
Richardson P, CaltagironeS, Lahuerta J J, et al.(2015).Revised International
Staging System for Multiple Myeloma: A Report from International
Myeloma Working Group. J Clin Oncol.; 33:2863-2869.Shaikh S P, Irfan S
M and Sheikh S S (2019). Disease staging according to the international
scoring system in newly diagnosed patients with multiple myeloma. Pak J
Med Sci.; 35(1):90-94.
Gertz M A, Lacy M Q, Dispenzieri A, Hayman S R, Kumar S, Leung N and
Gastineau D A (2007). Impact of age and serum creatinine value on outcome
after autologous blood stem cell transplantation for patients with multiple
myeloma.BoneMarrowTransplant 39:605-611.
de Oliveira L C, Uzuelli J A, Lange A P, Santana-Lemos B A, Baggio M S,
Garcia A B et al., (2009). TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 Levels Are Directly
Correlated with Neoangiogenesis and Are Prognostic Factors in
Multiple Myeloma Patients. Blood, 114 (22): 4866.
Woziwodzka K, Malyszko J, Koc-Z6rawska E, Zorawski M, Dumnicka P,
Jurczyszyn A, Batko K, Mazur P et al., (2022). Title Transgelin-2 in Multiple
Myeloma:A NewMarker of RenalImpairment?Molecules, 27:79.
Woziwodzka K, Malyszko J, Banaszkiewicz M and Zorawski M (2020).
P0745urine TIMP-2 and IGFBP-7- New Biomarkers of Kidney
Injury in Multiple Myeloma Patients. Nephrology Dialysis
Transplantation,35(3).
Saltarella I, Morabito F, Giuliani N, Terragna C, Omede P, Palumbo A,
Bringhen S, De Paoli L et al. (2019). Prognostic or predictive value of
circulating cytokines and angiogenic factors for initial treatment of
multiple myeloma in the GIMEMA MM0305 randomized controlled
trial Journal of Hematology & Oncology,12(4).
Terpos E, Katodritou E, Tsiftsakis E, Kastritis E, Christoulas D, Pouli A,
Michalis E, Verrou E, Anargyrou K, Tsionos K, Dimopoulos M A,
and Zervas K (2009). Cystatin-C is an independent prognostic factor
for survival in multiple myeloma and is reduced by bortezomib
administration. Haematologica; 94(3): 372-379.
Terpos E, Kastritis E, Christoulas D, Gkotzamanidou M, EleutherakisPapaiakovou E, Kanellias N, Papatheodorou A and Dimopoulos M
A (2012). Circulating activin-A is elevated in patients with advanced multiple myeloma and correlates with extensive bone involvement and inferior survival; no alterations post-lenalidomide and dexamethasone therapy. Annals of Oncology, 23: 2681-2686.
Papassotiriou G P, Kastritis E, Gkotzamanidou M, Christoulas D, Eleutherakis-Papaiakovou E, Migkou M et al. (2016). Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and cystatin c are sensitive markers of renal injury in patients with multiple myeloma. Clin. Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 16, 29-35.
Jianga Y, Zhang Z, Zhang C, Hong L, Jiang Y, Lu L, Huang H and Guo D (2020). The role of cystatin C as a proteasome inhibitor in multiple myeloma. Hematology, 25(1): 457-463.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
