Polymorphism of Endothelin-1 Gene in Iraqi Infertile Females under In Vitro Fertilization Program
Keywords:
Endotheli-1, EDN1, IVF program, Infertility, Implantation, Iraqi women.Abstract
Embryo implantation is an important step in establishing pregnancy and a major concern in the management of infertility. Failure at this step greatly limits the success of IVF treatments. Endothelin-1 is released by many different tissues, including uterine smooth muscle, and is able to regulate myometrial functions, EDN1-mediated cellular functions play a critical role in normal pregnancy. This comparative study was designed for Iraqi women who underwent the IVF program to understand the role of the EDN1 gene in embryo implanting. Blood samples were collected an hour after embryo transfer after approval from 60 females. The samples were divided into two groups according to the embryo implantation outcomes, the Implantation Failure group included 35 females, and the Implantation Success group included 25 females. PCR was performed by using a specific primer. The sequencing exposed polymorphisms in three positions rsl800543, rs5369, and a new locus No. 8566 A>C showed a significant difference in the heterozygous genotype AC between groups. The findings suggest that polymorphism No.8566 A>C associated with infertility and the AC genotype may be related with increase susceptibility to infertility in Iraqi females.
Downloads
References
Afnan, M.A.M., Rudin, C., Conitzer, V.,
Savulescu, J., Mishra, A., Liu, Y. and Afnan,
M., Ethical implementation of artificial
intelligence to select embryos in vitro
fertilization. In Proceedings of the 2021
AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and
Society (2021) 316-326.
https://doi.org/10.1145/3461702.3462589
Hertig, A.T., Rock, J. and Adams, E.C, A
description of 34 human ova within the first 17
days of development. American Journal of
Anatomy, 98(1956) 435-493.
https://doi.org/10. 1002/aja.1000980306.
Nikas, G, Endometrial receptivity: changes in
cell-surface morphology. In Seminars in
reproductive medicine, Thieme Medical
Publishers, Inc., 333 Seventh Avenue, New
York, NY 10001, USA, 18 (2000) 229-236.
DOI: 10.1055/S-2000-12561.
Griffith, O.W., Chavan, A.R., Protopapas, S.,
Maziarz, J., Romero, R. and Wagner, G.P.,
Embryo implantation evolved from an
ancestral inflammatory attachment
reaction. Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences, 114(2017) E6566-
E6575. https://doi.org/10.1073/
pnas.1701129114.
Economos, K.A., MacDonald, P.C. and
Casey, M.L., Endothelin-1 gene expression
and protein biosynthesis in human
endometrium: potential modulator of
endometrial blood flow. The Journal of
Clinical Endocrinology &
Metabolism, 74(1992) 14-19.
https://doi.Org/10.1210/jcem.74.l. 1727813.
Apa, R., Miceli, F., Feo, D.D., Pierro, E.,
Ayala, G., Mancuso, S., Napolitano, M. and
Lanzone, A., 1998. Endothelin 1: expression
and role in human corpus luteum. American
Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 40(5),
pp.370-376, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-
1998.tb00068.x
Wang, Y., August. Vascular biology of the placenta. In Colloquium Series on integrated systems physiology: from molecule to function. Morgan & Claypool Life Sciences, 2 (2010) 1-98). https://doi.org/10.4199/C00016EDIVO1Y 201008ISP009.
MacLean, M.R., Templeton, A.G.and McGrath, J.C., The influence of endothelin 1 on human foeto placentalblood vessels: a comparisonwith5-hydroxytryptamine. British journal of
pharmacology, 106(1992) 937-941.
https://doi.org/10.llll/ j.1476-
1992.tbl4438.x.
Wolff, K., Nisell, H., Carlstrom, K., Kublickiene,
K., Hemsen, A., Lunell, N.O. and Lindblom, B.,
Endothelin-1 and big endothelin-1 levels in
normal term pregnancy and in
preeclampsia. Regulatory peptides, 67(1996)
-216. https:// doi.org/10.1016/S0167-
(96)00122-X.
Yanagisawa, M., Kurihara, H., Kimura, S.,
Tomobe, Y., Kobayashi, M., Mitsui, Y.,
Yazaki, Y., Goto, K. and Masaki, T., A novel
potent vasoconstrictor peptide produced by
vascular endothelial cells, nature, 332(1988)
-415. DOI: 10.1038 /33241laO.
Arinami, T., Ishikawa, M., Inoue, A.,
Yanagisawa, M., Masaki, T., Yoshida, M.C. and
Hamaguchi, H., Chromosomal assignments of
the human endothelin family genes: the
endothelin-1 gene (EDN1) to 6p23-p24, the
endothelin-2 gene (EDN2) to lp34, and the
endothelin-3 gene (EDN3) to 20ql3. 2-ql3. 3.
American journal of human
genetics,48(1991)990.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih
.gov/
Inoue, A., Yanagisawa, M., Kimura, S.,
Kasuya, Y., Miyauchi, T., Goto, K. and
Masaki, T., The human endothelin family:
three structurally and pharmacologically
distinct isopeptides predicted by three separate
genes. Proceedings of the national academy of
sciences, 86(1989) 2863-2867.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.86. 8.286.
Tanfin, Z., Robin, P., Oyeniran, C. and
Breuiller-Fouche, M., Endothelin-1:
physiological and pathological roles in
myometrium. The international journal of
biochemistry & cell biology, 43(2011) 299-
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.
10.009.
Khidhir, S.M., Mahmud, A.M. and Maulood,
I.M., Association of Endothelin-I and A
symmetric Dimethylarginine Levels with
Insulin Resistance in Type-2 Diabetes
Mellitus Patients. Baghdad Science
Journal, 19(2022) 0055-0055. DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2022.19.L005
Hall, T.A. 1999. BioEdit: a user-friendly
biological sequence alignment editor and
analysis.
Bi kowski J., Miks S., Gene-Calc [Computer
software]. Available from (2018, September):
www.gene-calc.pl.
SAS, Statistical Analysis System, User's
Guide. Statistical. Version 9.6th ed. SAS. Inst.
Inc. Cary. N.C. USA (2018).
Hassab, Z.S., Al-Musawi, B.J. and
Almohaidi, A.M.S., Evaluation Hormonal
State in Iraqi Infertility Females Under InVitro Fertilization Program. Indian Journal of
Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, 15(2021).
Yousif, R.A., Almohaidi, A.M.S. and AlMusawi, B.J., Assessment of ITGB3 gene
expression and hormonal status in infertile
female undergoing an in vitro fertilization
protocol. HIV Nursing, 23(2023) 770-778.
Kim, S.Y., Park, S.Y., Lim, J.H., Yang, J.H.,
Kim, M.Y., Park, H.Y., Lee, K.S. and Ryu,
H.M., No association between endothelin-1
gene polymorphisms and preeclampsia in
Korean population. Journal of Genetic
Medicine, 5(2008) 34-40.
Vargas-Alarcon, G., Vallejo, M., PosadasRomero, C., Juarez-Rojas, J.G., MartinezRios, M.A., Pena-Duque, M.A., CarrilloSanchez, S., Perez-Mendez, O. and Fragoso,
J.M., The 9740 A (rs3087459) gene
polymorphism in the endothelin gene
(EDN1) is associated with risk of developing
acute coronary syndrome in Mexican
patients. Gene, 542(2014) 258-262.
https://doi.Org/10.1016/j.gene.2013.09.003.
Kubota, T., Taguchi, M., Kamada, S., Imai,T., Hirata, Y., Marumo, F. and Aso, T.,
Endothelin synthesis and receptors in human
endometrium throughout the normal
menstrual cycle. MHR: Basic science of
reproductive medicine, 1(1995) 304-308.
https://doi.Org/10.1093/molehr/l.6.304.
Cameron, I.T., Bacon, C.R., Collett, G.P. and Davenport, A.P., Endothelin expression in the uterus. The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology, 53(1995) 209-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-0760(95)00048-5.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
