Clinical Study of Changes Selenium, Zinc, Lead and Lipid Profile in Serum with Retinopathy Diabetic Patients in thi Qar Governorate
Keywords:
diabetic , retinopathy , lipid profile , , lead zinc , seleniumAbstract
Diabetic retinopathy is a common complication of diabetes It causes blindness among adults whose ages range from more than twenty years to about seventy-five years. During the past two decades there is a wide prevalence of diabetic patients with retinopathy. A large proportion of blindness is attributable to diabetic retinopathy. Compared to other eye diseases were common. There are some factors that are associated with high blood sugar levels, including changes in some trace elements and changes in lipid levels in the serum Patients with retinopathy due to diabetes. Aims of study : exploration of the correlation between elevation of glucose and HbA1C levels and levels of trace elements lead , zinc and selenium and lipid profile in serum of diabetic and diabetic with retinopathy groups. Patients and methods : The study extended from March 2021 to end of August 2021. The study included (90) subjects , were divided into thirty subjects as healthy Control group , thirty subjects Diabetes type 2 without complications and Clinically diagnosed cases of Diabetes type2 with retinopathy .The kits were used are available in the commercial markets , and Selenium ,zinc and lead elements was determined by using atomic absorption device. Results: The results of the current study showed a significant increase in blood glucose levels and HbA1C in the groups of diabetic and diabetic with retinopathy patients . The study also showed a significant increase of the lead element with a significant decrease in zinc and selenium in both groups of patients compared with control group, while the results showed the presence of Significant increase in the Biochemical variables of the lipid profile in all groups of patients compared with the control group. Conclusion: Our study showed that diabetic and diabetic with retinopathy are associated with higher lead concentration and lower zinc and selenium . addition increase of lipid profile parameters
Downloads
References
IDF. (2011). International Diabetes
Federation, Diabetes Atlas, 6th Atlas IDF
Zheng Y, He M, Congdon N. (2012).The
worldwide epidemic of diabetic retinopathy.
Indian J Ophthalmol. 60(5):428-
Campochiaro, P. A. (2015). “Molecular
pathogenesis of retinal and choroidal
vascular diseases,” Progress in Retinal and
Eye Research, vol. 49, pp. 67–81.
Yau, J. W. Y.; Rogers, S. L; Kawasaki . R.
(2012). “Global prevalence and major risk
factors of diabetic retinopathy,” Diabetes
Care, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 556–564,
Mahajan, N; Arora, P .and Sandhir,R.( 2019
). Review Article. Perturbed Biochemical
Pathways and Associated Oxidative
Stress Lead to Vascular Dysfunctions in
Diabetic Retinopathy. Oxidative
Medicine and Cellular
Longevity.Volume 2019, Article ID
, 16 pages
Dubey.P , Thakur ,V and
Chattopadhyay,M.(2020 ). Review
Role of Minerals and Trace Elements in
Diabetes and Insulin Resistance. Nutrients
, 12, 1864; doi:10.3390/nu12061864
gurlu, U˘; Binay, V.; ¸Sim¸sek, C.; Bal, E.
(2016). Cellular Trace Element Changes in
Type 1 Diabetes Patients. J. Clin. Res.
Pediatr. Endocrinol., 8, 180–186.
Quilliot, D; Dousset. B; Guerci B.(2001) .
Evidence that diabetes mellitus favours
impaired metabolism of zinc, copper, and
selenium in chronic pancreatitis Pancreas;
: 299–306.
Kinlaw, W.B; Levine, A.S; Morley, J.E and
Silvis ,S.E.( 1983). Abnormal zinc
metabolism intype II diabetes mellitus. Am
J Med ; 75: 273–7 .
Vincent JB. (2000 ).Quest for the molecular
mechanisms of chromium action and its
relationship to diabetes. Nutr. Rev.; 58:
-72.
Monika K. Waltr, Michael B. Zimmermann,
Giatgen A. Spinas, Richard F. Hurrell.(
. Low plasma magnesium in type 2
diabetes. Swiss Med Wkly; 133: 289-92.
West KM, Erdreich LJ, Stober JA.( 1980). A
detailed study of risk factors for
retinopathy and nephropathy in
diabetes. Diabetes. 1980;29(7):501–508.
Landmesser U, Hornig B, Drexler H. (2000).
Endothelial dysfunction in
hypercholesterolemia: mechanisms,
pathophysiological importance, and
therapeutic interventions. Semin Thromb
Hemost. ;26(5):529–537.Chew EY, Klein ML, Ferris FL, III, Remaley
NA, Murphy RP, Chantry K, Hoogwerf
BJ, Miller D.(1996). Association of
elevated serum lipid levels with retinal
hard exudate in diabetic retinopathy. Early
Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study
(ETDRS) Report 22. Arch Ophthalmol.
;114(9):1079–1084.
Rema M, Srivastava BK, Anitha B, Deepa R,
Mohan V.( 2006). Association of serum
lipids with diabetic retinopathy in urban
South Indians-the Chennai Urban Rural
Epidemiology Study (CURES) Eye Study-
Diabet Med. ;23(9):1029–1036.
Wong TY, Klein R, Islam FM, Cotch MF,
Folsom AR, Klein BE, Sharrett AR, Shea
S. (2006).Diabetic retinopathy in a multiethnic cohort in the United States. Am J
Ophthalmol. ;141(3):446–455.
DeFronzo, R. A., (1988). The triumvirate:
beta cell, muscle, live a collusion
responsible for NIDDM .Diabetes.37:667-
Greene, D. A., Lattimer S.A., Sima, A. A. F.,
Sorbito, I., (1987). Phosphoinositides
and sodium-potassium ATPasein the
pathogenesis o f diabetic complications. N
Engil
Med. 316:599-606.
Del Prato, S., Bonadonna, R. C., Bosom, E.,
(1993). Characterization cellular defects
of insulin action in type2 (noninsulin
dependent) diabetes mellitus. I Clininvest.
:4M-494.
Abdelgadir, M., (2006). Clinical and
Biochemical Features o f adult Diabetes M
ellitus
in Sudan. Digital Comprehensive Summaries
o f U ppsala Dissertations from the
Faculty o f M edicine 144. 47 pp .Uppsala
ISBN 91-554-6542-0.
Richard, M. B., Cdemargaret, A. P., Alan,W
., Aleksandra,V., Priscilla, H., Marc, R.,
(2008). Adjust to Target in Type2 Diabetes.
Comparison o f a simple algorithm with
carbohydrate counting for Adjustment o f
mealtime insulin glulisine D iabetes Care.
:1305-1310.
Pari, L., Latha, M., (2002). Effect of Cassia
auriculata flowers on blood sugar levels,
serum and tissue lipids in streptozotocin
diabetic rats. Singapore M ed J; 43:617-2.
Biomarkers and surrogate endpoints: preferred
definitions and conceptual framework. Clin
Pharmacol Ther 2001 . 69(3):89-95.
Ola, M. S.; Nawaz, M. I.; Siddiquei, M. M; AlAmro, S. and Abu El-Asrar, A. M.(2012)
“Recent advances in understanding the
biochemical and molecular mechanism of
diabetic retinopathy,” Journal of Diabetes and
its Complications, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 56–64, .
Baynes, J.W and Thorpe, S.R.
(2000).Glycoxidation and lipoxidation in
atherogenesis.Free Radic Biol. Mid
;28(12):1708-1016
Benarous R, Sasongko MB, Qureshi S, Fenwick
E, Dirani M, Wong TY, Lamoureux EL.
Differential association of serum lipids with
diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular
edema. Invest Ophthal Mol Vis Sci. 2011;
(10):7464-7469
Chew, E.Y; Klein, M.L, ;Ferris, F.L ;
Remaley ,N.A;Murphy, R.P;Chantry,
K;Hoogwerf, B.J and Miller D. (1996).
Association of elevated serum lipid levels
with retinal hard exudate in diabetic
retinopathy. Early Treatment Diabetic
Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) Report
Arch Ophthal Mol ;114 (9):1079-1084
Rema M, Srivastava BK, Anitha B, Deepa
R , Mohan V.(2006). Association of
serum lipids with diabetic retinopathy in
urban South Indians-the Chennai Urban
Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES)
Eye Study-2.Diabet Mol ;23(9):1029-
Sachdev N, Sahni A.(2010). Association of
systemic risk factors with the severity of
retinal hard exudates in a north Indian
population with type 2 diabetes. J Postgard
Med 2010;56(1):3-6
Idiculla J, Nithyanandam S, Joseph M, Mohan
VA, Vasu U, Sadiq M.(2012).Serum lipids
and diabetic retinopathy: A cross-sectional
study. Indian J. Endocrinol Melah. :16(Suppl
:S492-494
Lal Mohan, Sudha K and Shetty, Beena V and
Rao, Gayathri M.(2013). Influence of
modified levels of plasma Magnesium, Cu,
Zn and Iron levels on Thiols and protein
status in diabetes mellitus and diabetic
retinopathy. International jouAbdul Hameed Zargar, NA Shah, SR
Masoodi, BA Laway, FA Dar, AR Khan,
F A Sofi, AI Wani. (1998). Copper, zinc,
and magnesium levels in non-insulin
dependent diabetes mellitus. Postgrad Med
J. 1998 ; 74(877): 665–68.
Chris Andrews.(2005). Zinc, Diabetes
Mellitus and Oxidative Disease. A
Nutritional 2005;22
Arthur B. Chausmer.(1998). Zinc, Insulin and
Diabetes. Journal of the American College
of Nutrition,; 17 (2): 109–15.
Rai,V ; Iyer, U ; Mani,I ; Mani,U.V.(1997).
Serum Biochemical Changes in Insulin
Dependent and Non-Insulin Dependent
Diabetes Mellitus and their Role in the
Development of Secondary Complications.
Int. J. Diab. Dev. Countries ;17
Chausmer AB.( 1998 ). Zinc, insulin and
diabetes. J Am College Nutr.; 17: 109-14.
Nsonwu , A.C ;Usoro , C.A.O; Etukudo, M.H and
Usoro, I.N.(2006). Glycemic contro Serum
and Urine Levels of Zinc and Magnesium in
Diabetics in Calabar, Nigeria. Pakistan Journal
of Nutrition, ;5 (1): 75-78.
Alena Viktorinova, Eva Toserova, Marian
Krisko, Zdenka Durackova. (2009).
Altered Metabolism of Copper, Zinc, and
Magnesium is Associated with Increased
levels of Glycated Hemoglobin in patients
with Diabetes Mellitus ; 58(10): 1477-82.
Wei, J.; Zeng, C.; Gong, Q.-Y.; Yang, H.-B.;
Li, X.-X.; Lei, G.-H.; Yang, T.-B.( 2015).
The association between dietary selenium
intake and diabetes: A cross-sectional
study among middle-aged and older
adults. Nutr. J.,14, 18.
Bleys, J.; Navas-Acien, A.; Guallar, E.(2007).
Serum Selenium and Diabetes in U.S.
Adults. Diabetes Care , 30, 829–834.
Bleys, J.; Navas-Acien, A.; Guallar, E.(2007).
Selenium and diabetes: More bad news for
supplements. Ann. Intern. Med. , 147, 271–
[CrossRef] [PubMed]
Hwang, D.Y.; Seo, S.; Kim, Y.; Kim, C.; Shim,
S.; Jee, S.; Lee, S.; Jang, M.; Kim, M.; Yim,
S.; (2007). Selenium acts as an insulin-like
molecule for the down-regulation of diabetic
symptoms via endoplasmic reticulum stress and
insulin signalling proteins in diabetes-induced
non-obese diabetic mice. J. Biosci. 2007, 32,
–735.
Pallavi Dubey ; Vikram Thakur and Munmun
Chattopadhyay.(2020 ) . Role of Minerals
and Trace Elements in Diabetes and
Insulin Resistance. Review Nutrients
, 12, 1864; doi:10.3390/nu12061864
Praveeena S. , Sujatha Pasula and K. Sameera .(
. Trace Elements in Diabetes Mellitus.
Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research
, Vol-7(9): 1863-1865
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
