The association of oral health with obstructive coronary heart disease confirmed by coronary angiography: A cross-sectional observational study

Abstract

 Background: Coronary artery diareses (CAD) are the most common cardiovascular disease, known as the primary source of adult mortality and morbidity worldwide. Numerous risk factors have been associated with a high risk of CAD. Current data have given away that inflammations may subsidize acute thromboembolic events in liable individuals. Oral health (in terms of dental and periodontal health) signifies a vital medical problem for several societies affecting people throughout their lifetime. The available evidence suggests that dental and periodontal hygiene has shared multifactorial etiologies with CAD. This study had designed to inspect the association of oral health (in terms of dental and periodontal health) with obstructive CAD confirmed by coronary angiography. Methodology: The study is a single-center, patient (n=118) recruited from Shahid al-Mihrab Center for interventional cardiology. Patients were diagnosed with CAD and had prearranged hospitalization by cardiologists for further cardiac catheterization. All blood analyses had performed on the day of admission and assessed for creatinine, urea, and WBCs using a traditional technique. The index of dental health was the sum of decayed, filled, and missed teeth (DFMT). The periodontal guide was a presence of ’’clinical-attachment-loss” defined as the space from the ’’cementoenamel junction to the junctional epithelium attachment”. ANOVA tests had applied for continuous variables and chi-square for dichotomous variables. Mean and SD had applied to define continuous parameters, and frequency and percentage had applied to define categorical parameters. A p-value of < 5% designates statistical significance. Results: The patients with CAD exhibited poor periodontal state, in which 90.7% have localized and or generalized forms of periodontitis half of them have moderate-severe forms of periodontal inflammation. Equally, the poor dental health was reflected by a high overall DMFT index (14.6±4.7) around 2/3rd of the patients had a DMFT score >9, and they lost 2/3rd of their total dental number. There was a highly significant positive association (0.004) between dental status and the number of critically stenosed coronary arteries. There was a positive high-significant association (0.003) between the severity of periodontitis and the number of critically stenosed coronary arteries. There was a positive non-significant association (>0.05) between stages of periodontitis and the number of critically stenosed coronary arteries. Conclusions: Oral health (in terms of dental and periodontal   health) is associated with obstructive CAD in patients undergoing coronary angiography. There were highly significant positive associations between both dental status and the severity of periodontitis with the number of critically stenosed coronary arteries. There was a positive non-significant association between stages of periodontitis and the number of critically stenosed coronary arteries.