On the history of the formation and development of the Soviet maternal and child welfare system in the Buryat-Mongol ASSR: 1923‒1933
Keywords:
history of regional public health, medical care in the Buryat-Mongol ASSR, maternal and child welfare, women’s and children’s health centres, children’s preventive outpatient clinicAbstract
This article examines key points in the formation of the Soviet maternal and child welfare system in the Buryat-Mongol Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in 1923‒1933, which preserved and advanced the pre-revolution basic principles of healthcare delivery. In the early 1920s, the high maternal and child mortality rate persisting in this region remained a pressing problem. Its resolution was one of the priority tasks facing both central and local Soviet authorities. To this end, measures were swiftly implemented to train medical personnel and set up a high-quality inpatient base, primarily in urban areas. By the end of the 1920s, following the creation of the first children’s unit at the regional hospital and the first women’s and children’s outpatient clinics in Verkhneudinsk,the primary focus had turned to maternal and child welfare in the rural areas. The shortage of medical personnel and medical institutions remained the biggest challenge. The key to the success of the first organisational and medical measures of the new public health system was the effective changes in the traditional way of life of the rural population of the republic, aimed at improving their lives, and the introduction of a standardised maternal and child welfare system while preserving regional peculiarities. The legal, organisational and medical process of creating a maternal and child welfare system in urban areas was completed in the first ten years of Soviet rule in the Buryat-Mongol Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. The next task was to expand and consolidate the maternal and child welfare system in rural areas.
Downloads
References
Abykov NA (1943) Zdravoohranenie za dvadtsat let
BMASSR [Healthcare for twelve years of the Buryat
ASSR]. 20 let Buryat-Mongolskoy ASSR [20 years
of the Butyat-Mongol ASSR]. Ulan-Ude: Burgiz.
(In Russ.)
Albitskiy VYu, Sher SA (2018) Istoki i stanovlenie gosudarstvennoy sistemy okhrany zdorovya detey v
Sovetskoy Rossii (1917–1930 gg.) [The origins and formation of the state system of child health in soviet Russia (1917–1930)]. Moscow. 224 p. (In Russ.)
Batoev DB (1982) Spodvizhniki zdravookhraneniya
[Companions of health care]. Ulan-Ude: Buryatskoe
knizhnoe izdatelstvo. 128 p. (In Russ.)
Batoev DB, Nechunaeva EA (2006) Razvitie akushersko-ginekologicheskoy pomoshchi [Development of obstetrical and gynaecological care]. 85 let
zdravookhraneniyu g. Ulan-Ude [85 years of health
care of Ulan-Ude]. Collection of articles. Ulan-Ude.
P. 16–18. (In Russ.)
Goldfeld AYa (1970) Ocherki po istorii pediatrii SSSR
[Essays on the history of pediatrics in USSR]. Moscow:
Meditsina. 183 p. (In Russ.)
Istoriya Buryatii. Konets 19 v. – 1941 g. [History of Buryatia. Late 19th century – 1941] (1993) Part 1. Ulan-Ude:
ONTs “Sibir”. 77 p. (In Russ.)
Istoriya Buryatii [History of Buryatia]: In 3 vols. (2011)
Ed. B.V. Bazarov. Vol. 3. 20th‒21st centuries. UlanUde: Izdatelstvo BNTs SO RAN. 464 p. (In Russ.)
Istoriya Buryatskoy ASSR [History of Buryat ASSR]: In
vols. (1959) Vol. 2. Ed. P.T. Khaptaev. Ulan-Ude:
Buryatskoe knizhnoe izdatelstvo. 643 p. (In Russ.)
Kulakov VI, Danilishina EI, Chicherin LP (2001)
Ohrana zdorovya zhenshchin i detey [Health protection for women and children]. Zdravookhranenie Rossii. 20 vek [Healthcare in Russia. 20th
century]. Eds. Yu.L. Shevchenko, V.I. Pokrovskiy,
O.P. Shchepin. Moscow: GEOTAR-MED. 457 p.
(In Russ.)
Lebedeva VP (1934) Okhrana materinstva i mladenchestva v strane Sovetov [Maternal and child health in Soviet Union]. Moscow, Leningrad. 262 p. (In Russ.)
Ocherki istorii meditsinskoy nauki i zdravookhraneniya
na Ukraine [Essays on the history of medical science
and health care in Ukraine] (1954) Eds. B.D. Petrov,
V.D. Bratus, K.F. Duplenko. Kiev: Gosmedizdat USSR.
p. (In Russ.)
Orlova LN, Khaakova PG (2006) Stanovlenie pediatricheskoy sluzhby [Formation of the pediatric service]. 85
let zdravookhraneniyu g. Ulan-Ude [85 years of health
care of Ulan-Ude]. Collection of articles. Ulan-Ude.
P. 13–16. (In Russ.)
Postanovleniya KPSS i Sovetskogo pravitelstva ob
okhrane zdorovya naroda [Resolutions of the KPSS
and the Soviet government on public health care]
(1958) Comp. P.I. Kalyu, N.N. Morozov. Moscow:
MEDGIZ. 336 p. (In Russ.)
Problemy Buryat-Mongolskoy ASSR. Trudy pervoy
konferentsii po izucheniyu proizvoditel'nykh sil
Buryat-Mongolskoy ASSR [Issues of the Butyat-Mongol ASSR. Proceedings of the first conference studying
productive forces of the Butyat-Mongol ASSR] (1936)
Ed. V.A. Obruchev. Vol. 2. Moscow, Leningrad: Izd-vo
Akademii nauk SSSR. 448 p. (In Russ.)
Starodubov VI, Baranov AA, Albitskiy VYu (2004)
Kontseptsiya Federalnogo atlasa “Regionalnye faktory i osobennosti sostoyaniya zdorovya detskogo
naseleniya Rossiyskoy Federatsii” [Conception of the
federal atlas “Regional factors and specific features
of children's population in the Russian Federation”].
Zdravoohranenie Rossiyskoy Federatsii [Health Care
of the Russian Federation] 6: 3‒5. (In Russ.)
Trofimov VV (1967) Zdravookhranenie Rossiyskoy Federatsii za 50 let [Healthcare of the Russian Federation
for 50 years]. Moscow: Meditsina. 332 p. (In Russ.)
Tsybikzhapov BN (2003) Etapy stanovleniya federativnykh otnosheniy mezhdu Rossiyskoy Federatsiey
i Respublikoy Buryatiya (1923‒2000) [Stages of the
formation of federative relations between the Russian
Federation and the Republic of Buryatia (1923‒2000)].
Vestnik Buryatskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta
[Bulletin of the Buryat State University]. Series 4: History. 7: 109‒114. (In Russ.)
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
